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Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word ''clann'' means children.〔Mark (2003), p. 458.〕 In early times, and possibly even today, clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the Scottish clan. From its perceived founder a clan takes its name. The clan chief is the representative of this founder and represents the clan as well. In the Scottish clan system, the term chief denotes a greater chief than that of a chieftain. In consequence, branch chiefs (heads of branches of a clan) are designated chieftains.〔Adam; Innes of Learney (1970), p. 154–155.〕 Scottish clans who no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
==Functions of the clan chief==
Historically the principal function of the chief was to lead his clan in battle on land and sea.〔''Maclean of Ardgour v. Maclean'', p.711〕 The chief and the chieftain were at one time in the Scottish Highlands influential political characters, who wielded a large and often arbitrary authority.〔''Maclean of Ardgour v. Maclean'', p.636〕 However, none of this authority now remains.〔 Highland chiefship or chieftainship in the modern sense is no more than a high social dignity.〔 The existence of chiefship and chieftainship has been recognized by Scottish law,〔 however, the disarming of the Highland clans after the 1745 Jacobite rising effectively eliminated clanship from ordinary civil or statutory law.〔''Maclean of Ardgour v. Maclean'', p.650〕 Most notable was the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act, of 1746 that abolished traditional rights of jurisdiction afforded to Scottish clan chiefs.〔Encyclopædia Britannica (- text link )〕
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